Broiler production is the process of nurturing broiler birds specifically for meat production purposes.
This process includes raising broiler day old chicks, keeping them in a healthy environment with appropriate feed and optimum environmental conditions suitable for their optimal growth and then allowing them reach a certain body weight before slaughtering them for human consumption.
Broilers are usually intensively specifically in enclosed poultry houses and are typically given feed and water through manual or automated systems.
Broiler production in Nigeria is a relatively new industry which started in the 1980s with the establishment of a few large-scale commercial poultry farms.
The introduction of broiler production in Nigeria commercially was largely driven by the demand for animal protein, which had been increasing due to population growth, urbanization, and changing consumer preferences.
The availability of improved breeds of chickens, as well as advances in management practices, feed formulation, and disease control, also contributed to the growth of the broiler production in Nigeria.
When the birds reach the desired size, they are slaughtered, packaged and transported to various retail outlets where they are sold to the final consumer under the most hygienic conditions.
Nutritional Composition of Broiler Meat
Broiler meat is a great source of lean protein, providing about 26 g of protein in a 3-ounce serving.
Protein is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in maintaining and repairing tissues in the body, as well as in the production of enzymes, hormones, and other important molecules.
The human body requires a certain amount of protein each day to function optimally, and broiler meat is one way to meet that demand.
In addition to protein, broiler meat also contains a range of other nutrients, including iron, zinc, and vitamin B 12, which are important for various functions in the body.
For example, iron is essential for the production of red blood cells, while zinc is important for immune function and wound healing.
Vitamin B 12 is essential for the production of DNA and the maintenance of nerve cells.
However, it is important to note that the nutritional composition of broiler meat can be influenced by various factors such as the diet of the birds, their living conditions, and the processing methods used.
Therefore, it is important to choose broiler meat that has been raised in healthy and hygienic conditions and to prepare it in a way that preserves its nutritional value.
Challenges of Broiler Production in Nigeria
1. Disease Outbreaks
Broiler production is highly susceptible to disease outbreaks, which can lead to significant losses in production and potential public health risks.
This can be corrected by ensuring that the birds are medicated and vaccinated as at when due and abiding by the stipulated public health protocols for poultry farms.
2. Poor Quality Feed
Poor quality feed, or feed with inadequate nutrition, can lead to stunting and impairment of the quality of the final meat product.
Ensure that the feed are produced with the most hygienic ingredients that meet up the nutritional requirements of the birds.
Feeds and feed products should also be stored in the most hygienic ways to prevent spoilage.
3. Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is a major risk associated with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry production, which can lead to potential public health risks. It is advisable to follow veterinarian and professional advice on the use of medications.
4. Environmental impact
Broiler production has a significant environmental impact through the use of feed, water, and energy resources.
5. Labour and Welfare Concerns
Broiler production can involve animal welfare concerns due to intensive housing and management practices.
Additionally, labour concerns often arise due to the large scale of production and the potential for unfair labour practices.
7 Things To Do Before Starting Broiler Production.
1. Research & Planning:
Research the industry, market, and regulations related to broiler farming. Participate in seminars and events to learn more about the business and make sure you understand the risks and potential rewards of starting a broiler farm.
2. Develop a Workable Business Plan:
Write a business plan that outlines the steps you plan to take to start and operate a successful broiler farm. Include the start-up costs, expected profits, marketing plan, and other important information.
3. Select a Location:
Select a good location for your broiler farm. Consider factors such as access to markets, availability of resources, and local regulations.
4. Obtain Funding:
Secure the necessary funding for your broiler farm. This may include Agricultural loans, Savings, Cooperatives, investments, or grants.
5. Purchase Equipment & Supplies:
Purchase the necessary equipment and supplies for your broiler farm. This may include feed, housing, water systems, and other supplies.
6. Secure Contracts:
Secure contracts with buyers for your broiler farm. This may include restaurants, grocery stores, or other buyers.
7. Manage the Broiler Farm:
Develop and implement a plan for managing the daily operation of your broiler farm. Monitor the health.
Conclusion:
The future of broiler production in Nigeria looks very promising especially as the demand for animal protein increases.
With advances in technology, improved animal husbandry practices, and a growing demand for poultry products, broiler farming is likely to continue to grow and expand.
The industry should be well-positioned to capitalise on the increasing demand for high-quality, safe poultry products, and to meet the needs of a growing global population.
